最近微博手机端的页面发生了些微的变化，导致了我之前的两篇文章微博任意关键词爬虫——使用selenium模拟浏览器和来！用python爬一爬“不知知网翟博士”的微博超话中的代码出现了一些报错情况，这里来修改一下

欢迎关注公众号：老白和他的爬虫

1.微博手机端出现的变化

爬取手机端的微博好处在于能够爬取比网页端更多的数据，因为网页端微博内容一般限定在50页，数据量不够大，所以选择爬取手机端，这样可以一直往下“刷”，出现新的微博

在之前的代码中，微博手机端超话页面是这样的

但是这几天在爬取的过程中发现微博超话的页面变成了这样

这样一眼就可以看到区别吧，就是超话的名称、阅读量、讨论数不见了，所以现在运行代码会报错，这一点也很好解决，我们只需要提前在这个页面提前获取我们需要的超话的名称、阅读量、讨论数就可以了

2.代码修改

代码相比于之前，主要修改了超话的名称、阅读量、讨论数的获取 方式，修改后的weiboTest.py代码如下，如遇到问题可到后台留言

1. import time
2. import xlrd
3. from selenium import webdriver
4. from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
5. import os
6. import excelSave as save
7. # 用来控制页面滚动
8. def Transfer_Clicks(browser):
9. try:
10. browser.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0,document.body.scrollHeight)", "")
11. except:
12. pass
13. return "Transfer successfully n"
14. #判断页面是否加载出来
15. def isPresent():
16. temp =1
17. try:
18. driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.line-around.layout-box.mod-pagination > a:nth-child(2) > div > select > option')
19. except:
20. temp =0
21. return temp
22. #把超话页面滚动到底
23. def SuperwordRollToTheEnd():
24. before = 0
25. after = 0
26. n = 0
27. timeToSleep = 50
28. while True:
29. before = after
30. Transfer_Clicks(driver)
31. time.sleep(3)
32. elems = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.m-box')
33. print("当前包含超话最大数量:%d,n当前的值为:%d,当n为5无法解析出新的超话" % (len(elems),n))
34. after = len(elems)
35. if after > before:
36. n = 0
37. if after == before:
38. n = n + 1
39. if n == 5:
40. print("当前包含最大超话数为：%d" % after)
41. break
42. if after > timeToSleep:
43. print("抓取到%d多条超话，休眠30秒" % timeToSleep)
44. timeToSleep = timeToSleep + 50
45. time.sleep(30)
46. #插入数据
47. def insert_data(elems,path,name,yuedu,taolun):
48. for elem in elems:
49. workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path) # 打开工作簿
50. sheets = workbook.sheet_names() # 获取工作簿中的所有表格
51. worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0]) # 获取工作簿中所有表格中的的第一个表格
52. rows_old = worksheet.nrows # 获取表格中已存在的数据的行数
53. rid = rows_old
54. #用户名
55. weibo_username = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('h3.m-text-cut')[0].text
56. weibo_userlevel = "普通用户"
57. #微博等级
58. try:
59. weibo_userlevel_color_class = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector("i.m-icon")[0].get_attribute("class").replace("m-icon ","")
60. if weibo_userlevel_color_class == "m-icon-yellowv":
61. weibo_userlevel = "黄v"
62. if weibo_userlevel_color_class == "m-icon-bluev":
63. weibo_userlevel = "蓝v"
64. if weibo_userlevel_color_class == "m-icon-goldv-static":
65. weibo_userlevel = "金v"
66. if weibo_userlevel_color_class == "m-icon-club":
67. weibo_userlevel = "微博达人"
68. except:
69. weibo_userlevel = "普通用户"
70. #微博内容
71. weibo_content = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.weibo-text')[0].text
72. shares = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('i.m-font.m-font-forward + h4')[0].text
73. comments = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('i.m-font.m-font-comment + h4')[0].text
74. likes = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('i.m-icon.m-icon-like + h4')[0].text
75. #发布时间
76. weibo_time = elem.find_elements_by_css_selector('span.time')[0].text
77. print("用户名："+ weibo_username + "|"
78. "微博等级："+ weibo_userlevel + "|"
79. "微博内容："+ weibo_content + "|"
80. "转发："+ shares + "|"
81. "评论数："+ comments + "|"
82. "点赞数："+ likes + "|"
83. "发布时间："+ weibo_time + "|"
84. "话题名称" + name + "|"
85. "话题讨论数" + yuedu + "|"
86. "话题阅读数" + taolun)
87. value1 = [[rid, weibo_username, weibo_userlevel,weibo_content, shares,comments,likes,weibo_time,keyword,name,yuedu,taolun],]
88. print("当前插入第%d条数据" % rid)
89. save.write_excel_xls_append_norepeat(book_name_xls, value1)
90. #获取当前页面的数据
91. def get_current_weibo_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun,maxWeibo):
92. #开始爬取数据
93. before = 0
94. after = 0
95. n = 0
96. timeToSleep = 300
97. while True:
98. before = after
99. Transfer_Clicks(driver)
100. time.sleep(3)
101. elems = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.card.m-panel.card9')
102. print("当前包含微博最大数量：%d,n当前的值为：%d, n值到5说明已无法解析出新的微博" % (len(elems),n))
103. after = len(elems)
104. if after > before:
105. n = 0
106. if after == before:
107. n = n + 1
108. if n == 5:
109. print("当前关键词最大微博数为：%d" % after)
110. insert_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun)
111. break
112. if len(elems)>maxWeibo:
113. print("当前微博数以达到%d条"%maxWeibo)
114. insert_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun)
115. break
116. if after > timeToSleep:
117. print("抓取到%d多条，插入当前新抓取数据并休眠30秒" % timeToSleep)
118. timeToSleep = timeToSleep + 300
119. insert_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun)
120. time.sleep(30)
121. #点击超话按钮，获取超话页面
122. def get_superWords():
123. time.sleep(5)
124. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@class='scroll-box nav_item']/ul/li/span[text()='话题']")
125. elem.click()
126. #获取所有超话
127. SuperwordRollToTheEnd()
128. elemsOfSuper = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.card.m-panel.card26')
129. return elemsOfSuper
130. #获取超话链接、名称、讨论量、阅读量
131. def get_superwordsUrl():
132. elemsOfSuper = get_superWords()
133. superWords_url = []
134. for i in range(0,len(elemsOfSuper)):
135. superwordsInfo = []
136. print("当前获取第%d个超话链接，共有%d个超话"% (i+1,len(elemsOfSuper)))
137. time.sleep(1)
138. element = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.card.m-panel.card26')[i]
139. name = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.card.m-panel.card26 h3')[i].text
140. yuedu_taolun = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.card.m-panel.card26 h4:nth-last-child(1)')[i].text
141. yuedu = yuedu_taolun.split(" ")[0]
142. taolun = yuedu_taolun.split(" ")[1]
143. #获取话题名称，话题讨论数，阅读数
144. print(name)
145. print(taolun)
146. print(yuedu)
147. #获取超话链接
148. driver.execute_script('arguments[0].click()',element)
149. time.sleep(3)
150. print(driver.current_url)
151. #把链接和超话信息一起存放于列表中
152. superwordsInfo = [driver.current_url,name,taolun,yuedu]
153. superWords_url.append(superwordsInfo)
154. driver.back()
155. return superWords_url
156. #爬虫运行
157. def spider(username,password,driver,book_name_xls,sheet_name_xls,keyword,maxWeibo):
158. #创建文件
159. if os.path.exists(book_name_xls):
160. print("文件已存在")
161. else:
162. print("文件不存在，重新创建")
163. value_title = [["rid", "用户名称", "微博等级", "微博内容", "微博转发量","微博评论量","微博点赞","发布时间","搜索关键词","话题名称","话题讨论数","话题阅读数"],]
164. save.write_excel_xls(book_name_xls, sheet_name_xls, value_title)
165. #加载驱动，使用浏览器打开指定网址
166. driver.set_window_size(452, 790)
167. driver.get("https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login?entry=mweibo&res=wel&wm=3349&r=https%3A%2F%2Fm.weibo.cn%2F")
168. time.sleep(3)
169. #登陆
170. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='loginName']");
171. elem.send_keys(username)
172. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='loginPassword']");
173. elem.send_keys(password)
174. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='loginAction']");
175. elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
176. time.sleep(5)
177. #判断页面是否加载出
178. while 1: # 循环条件为1必定成立
179. result = isPresent()
180. print ('判断页面1成功 0失败 结果是=%d' % result )
181. if result == 1:
182. elems = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('div.line-around.layout-box.mod-pagination > a:nth-child(2) > div > select > option')
183. #return elems #如果封装函数，返回页面
184. break
185. else:
186. print ('页面还没加载出来呢')
187. time.sleep(20)
188. time.sleep(5)
189. #搜索关键词
190. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@class='m-text-cut']").click();
191. time.sleep(5)
192. elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@type='search']");
193. elem.send_keys(keyword)
194. elem.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
195. superWords_url = get_superwordsUrl()
196. print("超话链接获取完毕，休眠5秒")
197. time.sleep(5)
198. for url in superWords_url:
199. driver.get(url[0])
200. time.sleep(3)
201. name = url[1]
202. taolun = url[2]
203. yuedu = url[3]
204. get_current_weibo_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun,maxWeibo) #爬取综合
205. time.sleep(3)
206. shishi_element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@class='scroll-box nav_item']/ul/li/span[text()='实时']")
207. driver.execute_script('arguments[0].click()',shishi_element)
208. get_current_weibo_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun,maxWeibo) #爬取实时
209. time.sleep(5)
210. remen_element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@class='scroll-box nav_item']/ul/li/span[text()='热门']")
211. driver.execute_script('arguments[0].click()',remen_element)
212. get_current_weibo_data(elems,book_name_xls,name,yuedu,taolun,maxWeibo) #爬取热门
213. if __name__ == '__main__':
214. username = "" #你的微博登录名
215. password = "" #你的密码
216. driver = webdriver.Chrome('/Users/Desktop/python/weibo_keyword/chromedriver')#你的chromedriver的地址
217. book_name_xls = "/Users/Desktop/weibo.xls" #填写你想存放excel的路径，没有文件会自动创建
218. sheet_name_xls = '微博数据' #sheet表名
219. maxWeibo = 1000 #设置最多多少条微博，如果未达到最大微博数量可以爬取当前已解析的微博数量
220. keywords = ["翟天临学术",] #输入你想要的关键字，可以是多个关键词的列表的形式
221. for keyword in keywords:
222. spider(username,password,driver,book_name_xls,sheet_name_xls,keyword,maxWeibo)

数据存储的excelSave.py没有变

1. import xlrd
2. import xlwt
3. from xlutils.copy import copy
4. def write_excel_xls(path, sheet_name, value):
5. index = len(value) # 获取需要写入数据的行数
6. workbook = xlwt.Workbook() # 新建一个工作簿
7. sheet = workbook.add_sheet(sheet_name) # 在工作簿中新建一个表格
8. for i in range(0, index):
9. for j in range(0, len(value[i])):
10. sheet.write(i, j, value[i][j]) # 像表格中写入数据（对应的行和列）
11. workbook.save(path) # 保存工作簿
12. print("xls格式表格写入数据成功！")
13. def read_excel_xls(path):
14. data = []
15. workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path) # 打开工作簿
16. sheets = workbook.sheet_names() # 获取工作簿中的所有表格
17. worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0]) # 获取工作簿中所有表格中的的第一个表格
18. if worksheet.nrows == 1:
19. print("目前是第一行")
20. else:
21. for i in range(1, worksheet.nrows): #从第二行取值
22. dataTemp = []
23. for j in range(0, worksheet.ncols):
24. #print(worksheet.cell_value(i, j), "t", end="") # 逐行逐列读取数据
25. dataTemp.append(worksheet.cell_value(i, j))
26. data.append(dataTemp)
27. return data
28. def write_excel_xls_append_norepeat(path, value):
29. workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path) # 打开工作簿
30. sheets = workbook.sheet_names() # 获取工作簿中的所有表格
31. worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0]) # 获取工作簿中所有表格中的的第一个表格
32. rows_old = worksheet.nrows # 获取表格中已存在的数据的行数
33. new_workbook = copy(workbook) # 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象
34. new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(0) # 获取转化后工作簿中的第一个表格
35. rid = 0
36. for i in range(0, len(value)):
37. data = read_excel_xls(path)
38. data_temp = []
39. for m in range(0,len(data)):
40. data_temp.append(data[m][1:len(data[m])])
41. value_temp = []
42. for m in range(0,len(value)):
43. value_temp.append(value[m][1:len(value[m])])
44. if value_temp[i] not in data_temp:
45. for j in range(0, len(value[i])):
46. new_worksheet.write(rid+rows_old, j, value[i][j]) # 追加写入数据，注意是从i+rows_old行开始写入
47. rid = rid + 1
48. new_workbook.save(path) # 保存工作簿
49. print("xls格式表格【追加】写入数据成功！")
50. else:
51. print("数据重复")

完整代码及驱动，后台回复“20190414”获取

最后关注一波吧