Oracle 19c单实例的DataGuard的搭建

一、环境的搭建

环境的基本信息：

类型	IP	主机名	ORACLE_HOME	ORACLE_SID	ORACLE_UNQNAME
主库	192.168.199.51	xgedu51	/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1	itpuxdb	itpuxdb
备库	192.168.199.52	xgedu52	/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1	itpuxdb	itpuxdg

1.配置静态ip和配置yum源

配置静态ip

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61173488/article/details/134317433

配置yum源：（配置网络源和本地源都可以）

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_63131036/article/details/133914372（本地yum)

2.下载静默的包：

Database Software Downloads | Oracle 中国

RedHat 7.9，下载链接地址：

https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/index.html

二、主库和备库的搭建

1.主库的搭建

配置hosts

echo "192.168.199.51 xgedu51" >> /etc/hosts
echo "192.168.199.52 xgedu52" >> /etc/hosts

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

配置目录

mkdir /opt/oracle

这个是配置目录，如果有的话就不用创建啦

准备预先安装的包

先把下载的包传到soft目录下
mkdir /soft
cd /soft
rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注意：（这里会出现问题）
根据提示安装所需要的包：(如)

yum -y install compat-libcap1 ksh

修改密码：

passwd oracle

手工目录的授权

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

安装oracle-database-ee：

rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

准备配置文件：

cd /etc/sysconfig/
cp oracledb_0RCLCDB-19c.conf oracledb_itpuxdb-19c.conf
cat /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c.conf


cd /etc/init.d/
cp oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c oracledb_itpuxdb-19c
vi /etc/init.d/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c
下面是在vi里面执行
:%s/ORCLCDB/itpuxdb/g	
:%s/ORCLPDB1/itpuxpdb/g
（为了全局替换）
然后在修改下面的内容：

创建数据库：

/etc/init.d/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c configure

检查环境:

su - oracle
ps -ef|grep smon
echo $ORACLE_HOME
lsnrctl status

测试停止、启动
/etc/init.d/oracledb itpuxdb-19c

Usage: /etc/init.d/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c {start|stoprestart|configure)

#/etc/init.d/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c stop

#/etc/init.d/oracledb_itpuxdb-19c start

环境变量配置

su - oracle
echo "export LANG=en_US" >>~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle">>~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1">> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=itpuxdb">> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=itpuxdb">>~/.bash_profile
echo "NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG">>~/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin">> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile
env |grep ORACLE

这样主库就搭建成功了。

2.备库的搭建

(前面一点都差不多，但是没有了**准备配置文件：创建数据库)

配置hosts

echo "192.168.199.51 xgedu51" >> /etc/hosts
echo "192.168.199.52 xgedu52" >> /etc/hosts
cat /etc/hosts

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

配置目录

mkdir /opt/oracle

这个是配置目录，如果有的话就不用创建啦

准备预先安装的包

先把下载的包传到soft目录下
mkdir /soft
rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86 64.rpm

注意：（这里会出现问题）
根据提示安装所需要的包：(如)

yum -y install compat-libcap1 ksh

修改密码：

passwd oracle

手工目录的授权

chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle

安装oracle-database-ee：

rpm -ivh oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

检查环境:

su - oracle
ps -ef|grep smon
echo $ORACLE HOME
lsnrctl status(这个会出错误没关系,下面会配好)

环境变量配置

su - oracle
echo "export LANG=en_US" >>~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle">>~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1">> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=itpuxdg">> ~/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=itpuxdg">>~/.bash_profile
echo "NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG" >>~/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin" >> ~/.bash_profile

source ~/.bash_profile
env |grep ORACLE

备库的数据库环境装好了。

三、主备库的实施配置

准备备库监听配置
主库也要加SID_LIST_LISTENER

vi /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
	(DESCRIPTION =
		(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL =TCP)(HOST =fgedu52)(PORT = 1521))
		(ADDRESS =(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))
	)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
	(SID_DESC=
		(GLOBAL_DBNAME=itpuxdg)
		(SID_NAME=itpuxdg)
		(ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1)
 )
)
:wq

然后检查监听是否配置成功
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status

主库配置

1.打开强制日志

su - oracle 
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
alter database force logging;

2.设置为归档模式

alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=2g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle'；
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
alter system switch logfile;

可以出去查看一下是否有归档文件
cd /opt/oracle/ITPUXDB/archivelog/

3.创建日志文件 如果主库有三个了（那就要创建四个）

select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;

alter database add standby logfile group 4 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDB/stredo04.10g' size 200m;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDB/stredo05.log' size 200m;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDB/stredo06.log' size 200m;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 '/opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDB/stredo07.log' size 200m;

主备库监听tnsnames.ora:

vi /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora


ITPUXDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xgedu51)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = itpuxdb)
    )
  )

ITPUXDG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xgedu52)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = itpuxdg)
    )
  )

（主库只要加ITPUXDG，备库全加上）

测试
tnsping itpuxdb
tnsping itpuxdg

准备数据库密码文件

主库：

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
rm -rf orapwitpuxdb
orapwd file='orapwitpuxdb' password=ITPUX-123

备库：

cd /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs
scp 192.168.199.51:/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwitpuxdb
mv orapwitpuxdb orapwitpuxdg

登录

主库：
sqlplus "sys/ITPUX-123@itpuxdg as sysdba"

准备参数文件了。

主库：

create pfile='/opt/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
（等会有改参数，这个是备份一份，然后传到备库里面在改参数）
然后在把pfile传给备库
scp /opt/oracle/pfile.ora 192.168.199.52:/opt/oracle/

主库参数（重启生效）：

alter system set db_unique_name='itpuxdb' scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(itpuxdb,itpuxdg)' scope=both;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=itpuxdb' scope=both; 
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=itpuxdg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)  DB_UNIQUE_NAME=itpuxdg' scope=both;
alter system set fal_client='itpuxdb' scope=both;
alter system set FAL_SERVER='itpuxdg' scope=both;
alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ITPUXDG','ITPUXDB'  scope=spfile;
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ITPUXDG','ITPUXDB' scope=spfile;
alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=both;

#重启生效：
shutdown immediate
startup

备库参数：

cd /opt/oracle
vi pfile.ora    
#先把"*."前面的都删了,把itpuxdb改成itpuxdg,在添加下面的。
db_unique_name='itpuxdg'
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(itpuxdg,itpuxdb)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=itpuxdg'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=itpuxdb LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=itpuxdb' fal_client='itpuxdg'
FAL_SERVER='itpuxdb'
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ITPUXDB','ITPUXDG'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ITPUXDB','ITPUXDG'
standby_file_management=AUTO

备库创建需要的目录：

mkdir -p /opt/oracle/admin/itpuxdg/adump
mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDG

启动到nomunt(备库);

sqlplus "sys/ITPUX-123@itpuxdg as sysdba"
startup pfile='/opt/oracle/pfile.ora' nomount;
create spfile from pfile='/opt/oracle/pfile.ora';
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;

打开时出现了

ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

那就是 memory_target大于了/dev/shm,重新调整数据库参数MEMORY_TARGET的大小，要下于/dev/shm的大小
查看/dev/shm的大小
df -h | grep shm

创建dataguard数据库(主库备库都可以)

rman target sys/ITPUX-123@itpuxdb auxiliary sys/ITPUX-123@itpuxdg
duplicate target database for standby from active database;

四、检查测试：

启动adg模式的备库：

上述备库的数据库是nomount状态，再执行完rman后
alter database open;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 

主库测试：

alter system switch logfile;

主备库检查dataguard状态：

select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;

dataguard数据同步测试

主库：

create tablespace xgedu66 datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/ITPUXDB/xgedu66.dbf' size 10m autoextend off;
create user xgedu66 identified by xgedu66 default tablespace xgedu66;
grant dba to xgedu66;

conn xgedu66/xgedu66;
create table xgedu66.itpux01(c1 varchar2(10),c2 number);
insert into itpux01 values('itpux01','1');
insert into itpux01 values('itpux02','2');
commit;
select * from xgedu66.itpux01;
alter system switch logfile;

备库检查：

select * from xgedu66.itpux01;

查看dataguard状态：

select NAME,OPEN_MODE,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;

检查dataguard日志

tail -100f /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/itpuxdb/itpuxdb/trace/alert_itpuxdg.log
tail -100f /opt/oracle/diag/rdbms/itpuxdg/itpuxdg/trace/alert_itpuxdg.log

本文章仅供参考，可能文章有点小问题，但是思路是可以的，如果给你带来不便，十分抱歉。